Integration of Multivariate Distributed Energy Resources for Demand Response: Applications in the Indian Scenarios

India’s national missions to advance demand-side management and DERs such as, the Enhanced Energy Efficiency, Smart Grid, Wind and Solar Energy, Electric Mobility, etc., provide a pathway for sustainable developments. With these national missions, India is relying on large targets of 175 GW of renewable energy generation by 2022, which comprises of 100 GW Solar, 60 GW Wind, 10 GW Biomass, and 5 GW Small Hydro and have plans for 40% of generation capacity through nonfossil sources. Integration of DERs like rooftop solar, energy storage, electric vehicles, and demand flexibility becomes important to address the challenges of supply variability and cost-effective integration. We examine fundamental aspects for the integration of multifarious— large-scale and disparate technologies—Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and Flexible Demand (e.g., demand response) applications. During peak times a distribution utility can ask for customer to reduce the demand with the help of DR program and customer can use electricity from electric vehicle using vehicle to grid technology or energy storage. The results show that for high penetration of DERs, it is important for a distribution utility to engage customers and use smart grid technologies to automate monitoring and actuation of the resources in real-time.